Choosing a shelter is one of the biggest decisions in backpacking. Your shelter affects weight, comfort, versatility, and where you can camp. Here's an honest comparison of the main options.
The Main Categories
| Shelter Type | Weight Range | Setup Skill | Terrain Flexibility |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tent | 2-5 lbs | Easy | High |
| Tarp | 5-15 oz | High | Medium |
| Hammock + tarp | 1.5-3 lbs | Medium | Low (needs trees) |
Tents
Pros:
- All-in-one protection
- Easy to set up
- Camp anywhere flat
- Best bug protection
Cons:
- Heaviest option
- Condensation (single-wall)
- Cost more for quality
Best for: Beginners, varied terrain, shoulder season, anyone prioritizing convenience
Tent Styles
| Style | Weight | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Free-standing | Heaviest | Pitch anywhere |
| Semi-freestanding | Medium | Needs few stakes |
| Trekking pole tent | Lightest | Uses hiking poles |
Tarps
Pros:
- Lightest option
- Best ventilation
- Views and connection to nature
- Versatile pitching options
Cons:
- No bug protection alone
- Requires skill to pitch well
- Less weather protection
- Needs suitable trees/anchors
Best for: Experienced hikers, fair weather, minimalists, those who add a bivy
Tarp Sizing
| Size | Coverage | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| 7x9 ft | Minimal | 8-12 oz |
| 8x10 ft | Standard | 10-15 oz |
| 9x9 ft | Full | 12-16 oz |
Hammocks
Pros:
- Most comfortable sleep
- No flat ground needed
- Cool in summer
- Fun
Cons:
- Need trees (limits terrain)
- Cold underneath (need underquilt)
- Heavier as a system
- Learning curve
Best for: Side sleepers, forested areas, those with back issues, warm weather
Hammock System Weight
| Component | Weight |
|---|---|
| Hammock | 12-20 oz |
| Suspension | 3-6 oz |
| Tarp | 8-16 oz |
| Bug net | 6-12 oz |
| Underquilt | 12-24 oz |
| Total | 2.5-5 lbs |
This can be heavier than a tent system in cold weather.
Making the Choice
Choose a tent if:
- You're new to backpacking
- You camp above treeline or in open terrain
- You want simplicity
Choose a tarp if:
- You're experienced and want minimum weight
- You're okay with bugs (or bring a bivy)
- You'll mostly be in forested areas
Choose a hammock if:
- Ground sleeping is uncomfortable for you
- You're always in trees
- You prioritize sleep quality over weight
Hybrid Approaches
Many hikers combine options:
- Tarp + bivy for ultralight bug protection
- Tent for trips above treeline, hammock for forests
- Flat tarp that works on ground or over hammock